Which factor is NOT included when determining total pressure loss (TPL)?

• A. Friction loss in hoses
• B. Elevation losses
• C. Pump pressure loss
• D. Nozzle pressure loss

Answer: (C)

Total pressure loss is the pressure energy the water loses as it moves from the pump discharge to the nozzle. This comes from friction along hoses, fittings, and other hose layouts, plus any elevation change that requires more pressure to lift the water to a higher point. You also have to account for the pressure the nozzle needs to produce the desired stream, which the pump must provide. The pump’s discharge pressure itself is the energy source, not a loss along the path, so it isn’t included as a loss in the total pressure loss calculation. Hence, pump pressure loss is not part of the total pressure loss.