Which factor is NOT included when determining the total pressure loss (TPL)?

• A. Elevation losses
• B. Nozzle pressure loss
• C. Pump pressure loss
• D. Friction loss in hoses

Answer: (C)

Total pressure loss is the sum of the pressure drops the water experiences as it moves from the source to the nozzle. Elevation losses occur when water is raised, converting pressure to potential energy. Friction losses in hoses come from resistance along the hose length as water flows, increasing with flow and length. Nozzle pressure loss happens as water passes through the nozzle’s restriction, reducing pressure at the nozzle entry. The pump pressure is the energy the pump adds to push water through the system; it’s not a loss within the system. Because TPL represents the declines the water encounters, the pump’s added pressure is not included in it.